What Do We Know About Heart Failure in Latin American Women?

Data about heart failure in Latin America is scarce. Women living in this region of the world are exposed to a mix of traditional risk factors for heart failure, neglected diseases, and social determinants of health. The aim of this review is to present what we know about heart failure in Latin American women and to establish the needs for future research.

Desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con hepatopatía crónica, con o sin antecedente de trasplante hepático, hospitalizados por neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 / Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease, with or without a history of liver transplantation, hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Introducción. La asociación entre SARS-CoV-2 y hepatopatías crónicas ha sido descrita mundial-mente con cohortes que reportan hasta un 11 % de pacientes hospitalizados con cirrosis hepática o trasplante hepático. Datos publicados reportan un aumento de la mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los desenlaces de mortalidad, necesidad de estan-cia en UCI y de ventilación mecánica, en pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 e historia de hepatopatía crónica, con o sin antecedente de trasplante hepático. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo en un centro de referencia en trasplante hepático, con pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19 y antecedente de hepatopatía cróni-ca, trasplantados y no trasplantados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, de ellos 42 pacien-tes (42 %) habían sido receptores de trasplante hepático. En el análisis al comparar trasplantados versus no trasplantados, se encontró mortalidad por cualquier causa 14 % versus 31 % (OR 0,37; IC95% 0,13-1,03), muerte por COVID-19 14 % versus 29 % (OR 0,52; IC95% 0,18-1,50), reque-rimiento de hospitalización en UCI 30 % versus 29 % (OR 1,48; IC95% 0,57-3,79) y ventilación mecánica 14 % versus 29 % (OR 1,53; IC95% 0,42-3,06), respectivamente. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que no hubo un incremento en el riesgo de mortalidad, necesi-dad de estancia en UCI o ventilación mecánica en los pacientes con antecedente de hepatopatía crónica, trasplantados y no trasplantados, que tenían neumonía por SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction. The association between SARS-CoV-2 and chronic liver disease has been described worldwide with cohorts reporting up to 11% of patients hospitalized with liver cirrhosis or liver transplantation. Published data has reported an increase in mortality in this group of patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of mortality, need for ICU stay and mechani-cal ventilation, in hospitalized transplanted and non-transplanted patients with history of chronic liver disease, who had SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methodology. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a liver transplant reference center with adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with a history of chronic liver disease either transplanted or not transplanted. A univariate analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of interest. Results. One hundred patients were included, of which 42 patients (42%) were liver transplant recipients. In the analysis comparing transplanted versus non-transplanted, mortality from any cause was 14% versus 31% (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.13-1.03), death from COVID-19 14% versus 29% (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.18-1.50), ICU hospitalization requirement 30% versus 29% (OR 1.48; 95% CI 0.57-3.79) and mechanical ventilation 14% versus 29% (OR 1.53; 95% CI 0.42-3.06), respectively. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that there was no increased risk of mortality, need for ICU stay, or mechanical ventilation in transplanted and non-transplanted patients with a history of chronic liver disease who had SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.